Nepal signed the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda agreed by the Members of the United Nations. The Agenda sets out 17 goals that define global sustainable development priorities and aspirations to achieve by 2030 and seek to mobilize global efforts around a common set of goals and targets. Nepal, as a member of the UN, is committed to the SDGs.
SDG Targets
169 |
SDG Indicators
494 |
Tier I Indicators
174 |
Tier II Indicators
269 |
Tier III Indicators
51 |
Overview of SGD status of Nepal according to Sustainable Development Report (SDR) 2022 |
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SDG Index Rank98/163SDG Index Core66.2/100 |
Spillover score: 98.55/100Spillover rank: 33/163 |
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The overall score measures the total progress towards achieving all 17 SDGs. The score can be interpreted as a percentage of SDG achievement. A score of 100 indicates that all SDGs have been achieved. |
Each country's actions can have positive or negative effects on other countries' abilities to achieve the SDGs. The Spillover Index assesses such spillovers along three dimensions: environmental & social impacts embodied into trade, economy & finance, and security. A higher score means that a country causes more positive and fewer negative spillover effects. |
The UN explains: "Energy is central to nearly every major challenge and opportunity the world faces today. Be it for jobs, security, climate change, food production or increasing incomes, access to energy for all is essential."
Transitioning the global economy towards clean and sustainable sources of energy is one of our greatest challenges in the coming decades. Sustainable energy is an opportunity – it transforms lives, economies and the planet.
The UN has defined 5 Targets and 6 Indicators for SDG 7. Targets specify the goals and Indicators represent the metrics by which the world aims to track whether these Targets are achieved.
SDG INDICATOR 7.1.1: Access to electricity
Definition: The proportion of population with access to electricity.
This is measured as the share of people with electricity access at the household level. It comprises electricity sold commercially, both on-grid and off-grid.
Goal: By 2030 ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services.
This requires universal access to electricity by 2030.
| Figure | Description | Years | ||||
| 2015 | 2019 | 2022 | 2025 | 2030 | ||
| 1 | Proportion of population with access to electricity | 74 | 80.7 | 85.7 | 90.7 | 99 |
| 2 | Per capita energy (final) consumption (in gigajoules) | 16 | 18.1 | 19.7 | 21.3 | 24 |
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SDG INDICATOR 7.1.2: Access to clean fuels for cooking
Definition: The proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology.
This is measured as the share of the total population with access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking. Access to clean fuels or technologies such as clean cookstoves reduce exposure to indoor air pollutants, a leading cause of death in low-income households.
Goal: Ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services by 2030.
This requires universal access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking by 2030.
| Figure | Description | Years | ||||
| 2015 | 2019 | 2022 | 2025 | 2030 | ||
| 1 | Households using solid fuel as primary source of energy for cooking (%) | 74.7 | 65 | 55 | 45 | 30 |
| 2 | People using liquid petroleum gas (LPG) for cooking and heating (%) | 18 | 23.6 | 27.8 | 32 | 39 |
| 3 | Electricity consumption (k Wh per capita) | 80 | 230 | 542 | 1027 | 15000 |
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SDG INDICATOR 7.1.2: Renewable energy
Definition: Rrenewable energy share in the total final energy consumption.
This is measured as renewable energy (inclusive of solar, wind, geothermal, hydropower, bioenergy and marine sources) as a share of final (not primary) energy consumption. Energy mix includes electricity, transportation and cooking/heating fuels.
Goal: By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix.
| Figure | Description | Years | ||||
| 2015 | 2019 | 2022 | 2025 | 2030 | ||
| 1 | Renewable energy share in the total final energy consumption | 11.9 | 22.1 | 29.7 | 37.3 | 50 |
| 2 | Installed capacity of hydropower (MW) | 782 | 2301 | 5417 | 10260 | 15000 |
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SDG INDICATOR 7.3.1: Energy efficiency
Definition: Energy intensity measured in terms of primary energy and GDP.
This is measured as the energy intensity of economies (collectively across all sectors). Energy intensity is measured as the quantity of kilowatt-hours produced per 2011 international-$ of gross domestic product (kWh per 2011 int-$).
Goal: By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency..
| Figure | Description | Years | ||||
| 2015 | 2019 | 2022 | 2025 | 2030 | ||
| 1 | Commercial energy use per unit of GDP (ToE/mRs) | 3.2 | 3.28 | 3.17 | 3.15 | 3.14 |
| 2 | Energy efficiency in Industry ( MJ per 1000 rupees of product) | 47.2 | 45.3 | 43.8 | 42.4 | 40 |
| 3 | Higher efficiency appliances (in residential & commercial) (%) | 10 | 15 | 30 | 40 | 60 |
| 4 | Electric vehicles in public transport systems (%) | 1 | 5 | 20 | 35 | 50 |
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Nepal is making progress towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7), which focuses on affordable and clean energy, but still faces significant challenges.
The country is working towards ensuring universal access to modern energy services, increasing the share of renewable energy, and improving energy efficiency. Key documents like the SDG Roadmap for Nepal and various progress reports provide insights into the current status and future strategies.
Here's a more detailed look:
Nepal has a strong potential for hydropower and is actively working to increase its share in the energy mix.
Efforts are underway to expand access to electricity, particularly in rural areas, through grid connections and off-grid solutions.
While there's progress in improving energy efficiency, there's a need for further acceleration to meet the SDG 7 targets.
Nepal is seeking international collaboration to facilitate access to clean energy research, technology, and investment.
Despite progress, significant disparities persist in access to modern energy services, particularly in remote and mountainous regions.
Securing adequate financial resources for energy infrastructure development and technology transfer remains a challenge.
Strengthening institutional capacity and technical expertise in the energy sector is crucial for achieving SDG 7.
Nepal needs to balance energy development with environmental sustainability and the need to mitigate climate change.
